NOTE 8: STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

On December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had an authorized capital of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, and 4,268 shares of Series C preferred stock, with a par value of $0.0001 per share. On December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had an authorized capital of 5,775 shares of Series D preferred stock, and 15 shares of Series E Non-Convertible preferred stock, with a par value of $1,000 and $0.0001 per share, respectively. In addition, on December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had an authorized capital of 2,500 shares of Series F preferred stock and 2,500 shares of Series G preferred stock, both with a par value of $0.0001 per share. 

On December 21, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Nevada to effectuate a 1-for-65 reverse stock split of the shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding, effective January 1, 2024, (the “Reverse Stock Split”).

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every sixty-five (65) shares of issued and outstanding Common Stock will be automatically converted into one (1) issued and outstanding share of Common Stock. The Reverse Stock Split reduced the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding from 36,915,222 shares to 567,927 shares, subject to adjustment for the rounding up of fractional shares.

Proportionate adjustments were made to the per share exercise price and the number of shares of Common Stock that may be purchased upon exercise of outstanding stock options granted by the Company, and the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for future issuance under the Company’s equity incentive plans.

The Company also adjusted the number of shares available for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding warrants to issue Common Stock as well as the exercise price to reflect the effects of the Reverse Stock Split.  All shares and per share amounts for prior years were adjusted to reflect Reverse Stock Split.

Common Stock and Preferred Stock

Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock S-3 Offering

On February 15, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain institutional investors named therein pursuant to which the Company issued, in a registered direct offering an aggregate of $5,000,000 of Preferred Stock, split evenly among the 2,500 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Series F Preferred Stock”), and 2,500 shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Series G Preferred Stock”). The Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible into common stock at any time after the date of issuance. The conversion rate, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Certificate of Designation, is determined by dividing the $1,000 stated value of the Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock by $1,950 (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price can be adjusted as set forth in the Certificate of Designation for stock dividends and stock splits or the occurrence of a fundamental transaction.  The 2,500 shares of Series F Preferred Stock and 2,500 shares of Series G Preferred Stock are each convertible into 1,282 shares of common stock.  The Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock and the underlying shares of common stock were offered pursuant to the Security Purchase Agreement dated February 15, 2022.

In a concurrent private placement, the Company also issued to such investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,923 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $2,447.25 per share. The warrants are exercisable from April 15, 2022 until the fifth anniversary of the initial exercise date.  

As compensation to the placement agent in connection with the offering (the “Placement Agent”), the Company paid the Placement Agent a cash fee of 7% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the offering, plus a management fee equal to 0.5% of the gross proceeds raised in the offering and reimbursement of certain expenses and legal fees. The Company also issued to the designees of the Placement Agent warrants to purchase up to 154 shares of common stock for $487.50 per share from April 15, 2022 until February 15, 2027.

The Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock have the following rights:

The Company received net proceeds of approximately $4.21 million from the offering, after deducting the estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, including the placement agent fees.  The total issuance costs amounted to $795,000 and the Company also recognized an initial fair value of warrants in the amount of $2,646,135. $275,130 of such issuance costs have been determined to be in connection with the warrants and have been expensed during the year ended December 31, 2022.  As of December 31, 2023, there were 2,500 shares of Series F Preferred Stock and 2,500 shares of Series G Preferred Stock, issued and outstanding.

June 2022 Unit and Pre-funded Unit Registered S-1 Offering

On June 22, 2022, the Company completed a public offering (the “June 2022 Offering”) to sell (i) 772,157 units (“Units”), each Unit consisting of 1/65th of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), and one warrant to purchase 1/65th of Common Stock (each, a “June 2022 Warrant”) at a price of $1.90 per Unit; and (ii) 2,385,738 pre-funded units (“Pre-funded Units”), each Pre-funded Unit consisting of one pre-funded warrant (a “Pre-funded Warrant”) to purchase one share of Common Stock and one June 2022 Warrant, at a price of $1.90 per Pre-funded Unit.

Subject to certain ownership limitations described in the June 2022 Warrants, the June 2022 Warrants have an exercise price of $123.50 per share of Common Stock, are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The exercise price of the Warrants is subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse splits, and similar capital transactions as described in the June 2022 Warrants. In connection with the Offering, the Company issued June 2022 Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 48,583 shares of Common Stock.

Subject to certain ownership limitations described in the Pre-funded Warrants, the Pre-funded Warrants were dexercised in full at a nominal consideration of $0.0001 per share of Common Stock.

A holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of the June 2022 Warrants or the Pre-funded Warrants if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the June 2022 Warrants or the Pre-funded Warrants, respectively. However, upon notice from the holder to the Company, the holder may increase the beneficial ownership limitation, which may not exceed 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the June 2022 Warrants or the Pre-funded Warrants, respectively, provided that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation will not take effect until 61 days following notice to the Company.

As compensation to the Placement Agent, as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the Offering, the Company paid the Placement Agent a cash fee of 7% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the June 2022 Offering, plus a management fee equal to 0.5% of the gross proceeds raised in the Offering and reimbursement of certain expenses and legal fees. The Company also issued to designees of the Placement Agent warrants to purchase up to 2,915 shares of Common Stock (the “Placement Agent Warrants”). The Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same terms as the June 2022 Warrants, except that the Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $154.38 per share and expire on the fifth anniversary from the date of the commencement of sales in the June 2022 Offering.

In connection with the June 2022 Offering, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors on June 17, 2022. The Purchase Agreement contained customary representations and warranties and agreements of the Company and the Purchasers and customary indemnification rights and obligations of the parties.

The shares of Common Stock and June 2022 Warrants underlying the Units, the June 2022 Warrants and Pre-funded Warrants underlying the Pre-funded Units and the Placement Agent Warrants described above and the underlying shares of Common Stock were offered pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-264930), as amended, which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 17, 2022.

The Company received net proceeds of approximately $5.1 million from the June 2022 Offering, after deducting the estimated June 2022 Offering expenses payable by the Company, including the Placement Agent fees, as well as including immediate exercises of June 2022 Warrants. The total issuance costs amounted to approximately $881,000 and the Company also recognized an initial fair value of warrants in the amount of $2,800,588. $170,308 of such issuance costs have been determined to be in connection with the June 2022 Offering and have been expensed during the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, the Company incurred $454,867 of equity related costs which have been netted with the net proceeds from the June 2022 Offering.

July 2022 Private Placement

On July 27, 2022, the Company consummated the closing of a private placement (the “July 2022 Private Placement”), pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 25, 2022 (the “July 2022 Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company and certain purchasers named on the signature pages thereto (the “Purchasers”). At the closing of the July 2022 Private Placement, the Company issued (i) 10,769 shares of common stock (the “Shares”); (ii) pre-funded warrants (the “July 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 50,769 shares of common stock, (iii) Series A Preferred Investment Options to purchase an aggregate of 61,538 shares of common stock (the “Series A Preferred Investment Options”); and (iv) Series B Preferred Investment Options to purchase an aggregate of 61,538 shares of common stock (the “Series B Preferred Investment Options”, and, collectively with the Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants, and the Series A Preferred Investment Options, the “Securities”). The purchase price of each Share and associated Series A Preferred Investment Option and Series B Preferred Investment Option was $325.00 and the purchase price of each Pre-Funded Warrant and associated Series A Preferred Investment Option and Series B Preferred Investment Option was $324.99.

As compensation to the Placement Agent, as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the July 2022 Offering, the Company also issued to designees of the Wainwright preferred investment options to purchase up to 3,692 shares of common stock (“July 2022 Placement Options”). The July 2022 Placement Options have substantially the same terms as the Series A Preferred Investment Options, except that the July 2022 Placement Options have an exercise price equal to $406.25 per share and expire on the third anniversary from the date of the commencement of sales in the July 2022 Offering.

The Company received net proceeds of approximately $18.2 million from the July 2022 Offering, after deducting the estimated July 2022 Offering expenses payable by the Company. The total issuance costs amounted to approximately $1,800,150 and the Company also recognized an initial fair value of the Series A and B Preferred Investment Options in the amount of $27,466,800. $969,791 of such issuance costs have been determined to be in connection with the Series A and Series B Preferred Investment Options and have been expensed during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company recognized common stock deemed dividends in the amount of $7,467,200 which resulted from the excess initial fair value of the Series A and B Preferred Investment Options issued. In addition, the Company incurred $454,867 of equity related costs which have been netted with the net proceeds from the July 2022 Offering.   

November 2022 Private Placement

On November 17, 2022, the Company consummated the closing of a private placement (the “November 2022 Private Placement”), pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 15, 2022 (the “November 2022 Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company and certain purchasers named on the signature pages thereto (the “Purchasers”). At the closing of the November 2022 Private Placement, the Company issued (i) 15,115 shares of common stock (the “Shares”); (ii) 1,637,445 pre-funded warrants (the “November 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 25,191 shares of common stock, (iii) 10,619,911 Series C Preferred Investment Options to purchase an aggregate of 163,383 shares of common stock (the “Series C Preferred Investment Options”) collectively with the Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants, and the Series C Preferred Investment Options, the “Securities”). The purchase price of each Share and associated Series C Preferred Investment Option was $186.07 and the purchase price of each Pre-Funded Warrant and associated Series C Preferred Investment Option was $186.07.

In connection with the offering, the investors in the private placement agreed to cancel preferred investment options to purchase up to an aggregate of 123,077 shares of common stock of the Company which were previously issued to the investors in July 2022.

As compensation to the Placement Agent, as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the November 2022 Offering, the Company also issued to designees of the Placement Agent preferred investment options to purchase up to 2,418 shares of common stock (“November 2022 Placement Options”). The November 2022 Placement Options have substantially the same terms as the Series C Preferred Investment Options, except that the November 2022 Placement Options have an exercise price equal to $232.59 per share and expire on the third anniversary from the date of the commencement of sales in the November 2022 Offering.

The Company received net proceeds of approximately $6.4 million from the November 2022 Offering, after deducting the estimated November 2022 Offering expenses payable by the Company. The total issuance costs amounted to approximately $1,124,149 and the Company also recognized an initial fair value of the Series C Preferred Investment Options in the amount of $4,589,108. $453,537 of such issuance costs have been determined to be in connection with the Series C Preferred Investment Options and have been expensed during the year ended December 31, 2022.

June 2023 Private Placement

On June 23, 2023, the Company completed a public offering (the “June 2023 Offering”) of (i) 93,677 shares of common stock (“June 2023 Common Share”), (ii) 4,886,586 Pre-funded Warrants (the “June 2023 Pre-funded Warrants”) to purchase 75,178 shares of common stock of the Company (the “June 2023 Pre-funded Warrant Shares”); and (iii) 10,975,611 Series D warrants (the “Series D Common Warrants”) to purchase 168,856 shares of common stock of the Company (the “Series D Common Warrant Shares”). The offering price of each June 2023 Common Share and accompanying Series D Common Warrant was $26.65 and the offering price of each Pre-funded Warrant and accompanying Class D Common Warrant was $26.65. The June 2023 Common Shares, June 2023 Pre-funded Warrants, June 2023 Pre-funded Warrant Shares, Series D Common Warrants and Series D Common Warrant Shares are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.”

Subject to certain ownership limitations described in the Series D Common Warrants, the Series D Common Warrants have an exercise price of $18.85 per share of common stock are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The exercise price of the Series D Common Warrants is subject to adjustment for stock splits, reorganizations, recapitalizations and similar capital transactions as described in the Series D Common Warrants.

Subject to certain ownership limitations described in the June 2023 Pre-funded Warrants, the June 2023 Pre-funded Warrants are immediately exercisable and may be exercised at a nominal consideration of $0.0001 per share of common stock at any time until all of the June 2023 Pre-funded Warrants are exercised in full. A holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of the Series D Common Warrants or the June 2023 Pre-funded Warrants if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Series D Common Warrants or the June 2023 Pre-funded Warrants, respectively. However, upon notice from the holder to the Company, the holder may increase the beneficial ownership limitation, which may not exceed 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Series D Common Warrants or the June 2023 Pre-funded Warrants, respectively, provided that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation will not take effect until 61 days following notice to the Company. All of the June 2023 Pre-funded Warrants were exercised as of December 31, 2023.

As compensation to the Placement Agent in consideration for serving as the placement agent in connection with the June 2023 Offering, the Company paid the Placement Agent a cash fee of 7% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the June 2023 Offering, plus a management fee equal to 0.5% of the gross proceeds raised in the June 2023 Offering and reimbursement of certain expenses and legal fees. The Company also issued warrants to the Placement Agent (the “June 2023 Placement Agent Warrants”) to purchase up to 10,131 shares of common stock (the “June 2023 Placement Agent Warrant Shares”). The June 2023 Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same terms as the Series D Common Warrants, except that the June 2023 Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $33.31 per share and expire on the fifth anniversary from the date of the commencement of sales in the Offering. All of 10,131 June 2023 Placement Agent Warrants remain unexercised and outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

The Company received net proceeds of approximately $3.80 million, from the June 2023 Offering, after deducting the estimated June 2023 Offering expenses payable by the Company. The total issuance costs amounted to approximately $703,450 and the Company also recognized an initial fair value of the Series D Common Warrants in the amount of $3,596,484. $351,768 of such issuance costs have been determined to be in connection with the Series D Common Warrants and have been expensed during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Inducement Offer Agreement

On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into an inducement offer letter agreement (the “Inducement Letter”) with certain holders (the “Holders”) of existing Series C preferred investment options (the “Existing Warrants”) to purchase shares of common stock of the Company. The Existing Warrants were issued on November 17, 2022 and had an exercise price of $153.73 per share (the “August Transaction”).

Pursuant to the Inducement Letter, the Holders agreed to exercise for cash their Existing Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 163,383 shares of the Company’s common stock at a reduced exercise price of $20.81 per share in consideration for the Company’s agreement to issue new common stock purchase warrants (the “New Warrants”), as described below, to purchase up to 326,767 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “New Warrant Shares”). The Company received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $3.4 million from the exercise of the Existing Warrants by the Holders, before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

The Company engaged the Placement Agent to act as its exclusive placement agent in connection with the transactions summarized above and has agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the gross proceeds received from the Holders’ exercise of their Existing Warrants, as well as a management fee equal to 0.5% of the gross proceeds from the exercise of the Existing Warrants. Upon any exercise for cash of any New Warrants, the Company has agreed to pay the placement Agent a cash fee of 7.0% of the aggregate gross exercise price paid in cash with respect the exercise of the New Warrants, and a management fee of 0.5% of the aggregate gross exercise price paid in cash with respect to the New Warrants.

The Company has also agreed to reimburse the Placement Agent for its expenses in connection with the exercise of the Existing Warrants and the issuance of the New Warrants, up to $50,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses and agreed to pay the Placement Agent for non-accountable expenses in the amount of $25,000 and clearing fee of $15,950. The Company also agreed to issue to the Placement Agent or its designees warrants (the “Placement Agent Warrants”) to purchase (i) up to 9,803 shares of common stock (6% of the Existing Warrants being exercised) which will have the same terms as the New Warrants except the Placement Agent Warrants will have an exercise price equal to $26.01 per share (125% of the reduced exercise price of the Existing Warrants) and (ii) upon any exercise for cash of the New Warrants, that number of shares of common stock equal to 6.0% of the aggregate number of such shares of common stock underlying the New Warrants that have been exercised, which will have the same terms as the New Warrants except for an exercise price equal to $26.01 per share. The closing of the transactions contemplated pursuant to the Inducement Letter on August 17, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), subject to satisfaction of customary closing conditions. The Company used the net proceeds of these transactions for general corporate and working capital purposes.

The resale of the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon exercise of the Existing Warrants are registered on an existing registration statement on Form S-1 (File No: 333-268537) declared effective by the SEC on December 2, 2022.

The Company also agreed to file a registration statement on Form S-3 (or other appropriate form if the Company is not then Form S-3 eligible) covering the resale of the New Warrant Shares issued or issuable upon the exercise of the New Warrants (the “Resale Registration Statement”), within 30 days of the Closing Date, and to have such Resale Registration Statement declared effective by the SEC within 90 days following the Closing Date. In the Inducement Letter, the Company agreed not to issue any shares of common stock or common stock equivalents or to file any other registration statement with the SEC (in each case, subject to certain exceptions) until 30 days after the Closing Date. The Company also agreed not to effect or agree to effect any variable rate transaction (as defined in the Inducement Letter) until one (1) year after the Closing Date (subject to an exception).

The Company received net proceeds of approximately $3.0 million, after deducting the offering expenses payable by the Company. The total issuance costs amounted to approximately $455,908 and the Company also recognized an initial fair value of the New Warrants in the amount of $6,319,909. $296,450 of such issuance costs have been determined to be in connection with the New Warrants and have been expensed for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, the Company recognized an inducement expense of $6,373,353 in connection with such transaction for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Warrants

October 2016 Private Placement – Placement Agent Warrants

The Company issued an aggregate of 165 warrants to the placement agents to purchase 1/65th share of its common stock per warrant at an exercise price of $1,170,000 per share for 32 warrants and $97,500 per share for 133 warrants. The warrants issued in the Company’s October 2016 Private Placement expired on October 17, 2021, and the warrants issued in the Company’s March 2018 Private Placement, May 2018 Private Placement and August 2018 Financing expired on September 4, 2023. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock or other securities issuable on exercise of such warrants are subject to customary adjustment in certain circumstances, including in the event of a stock dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation of the Company.

As of December 31, 2023, all warrants issued and outstanding to the placement agents pursuant to May 2018 and August 2028 financing expired. As of December 31, 2022, 133 warrants issued to the placement agents at an exercise price of $97,500 and 32 warrants at an exercise price of $1,170,000 were outstanding and exercisable.

Class B Warrants

The holders of the Class B Warrants did not exercise any of their warrants during the year ended December 31, 2023. Class B Warrants have an exercise price of $1,170,000 per share and shall expire between October 17, 2021 and May 15, 2023.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had 0 and 100 Class B Warrants issued and outstanding.

Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants

On January 24, 2019, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with two institutional investors pursuant to which, these investors exercised Series A Warrants to purchase 5 shares of the Company’s common stock for total cash proceeds of $2,172,680 to the Company, net of costs of $159,958. The two investors also exchanged Series A Warrants to purchase 5 shares of its common stock into 5 shares of its common stock and received new warrants to purchase an aggregate of 96 shares of its common stock. These new warrants have terms substantially like the terms of the Company’s Series A Warrants, except that the per share exercise price of the new warrants is $357,825, and the warrants are not exercisable until July 24, 2019, the six-month anniversary from’ the date of issuance. Each warrant expires on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date.

The Company recorded 585 and 3,460 Series A Warrants (each exercisable into 1/65^th share of common stock for a total of 9 shares and 53 shares of common stock) issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

2020 Offering Warrants

In the January 28, 2020 public offering, the Company sold 329,667 warrants (each exercisable into 1/20^th of a share of common stock) for a total of 16,484 shares of common stock (254 shares of common stock as adjusted for the 1-for-65 reverse stock split). In the June 2, 2020 public offering, the Company sold 138,000 warrants, each warrant exercisable into 1/65th share of common stock for a total of 2,123 shares of common stock. Each warrant expires on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reported 2020 Offering Warrants issued and outstanding to purchase 1,576 shares of common stock (as adjusted for the 1-for-65 reverse stock split).

2021 Offering Warrants

In the July 11, 2021 offering, the Company sold 153,433 warrants (each warrant exercisable into 1/65th share of common stock) for a total of 2,361 shares of common stock, at an exercise price equal to $7,897.50 per share of common stock (as adjusted for the 1-for-65 reverse stock split), and are immediately exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance.

In connection with the offering, the Company issued to the Placement Agent or its designees warrants to purchase an aggregate of 283 of common stock (as adjusted for the 1-for-65 reverse stock split) at an exercise price equal to 125% of the offering price in the offering, or $162.94 ($10,591.10 per share as adjusted for the 1-for-65 reverse stock split) (the “2021 Placement Agent Warrants”). The 2021 Placement Agent Warrants are immediately exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the commencement of sales of the offering.

The Company reported 2021 Offering Warrants of 153,433 and 2021 Placement Agent Warrants of 18,412 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total fair value of such warrants amounted to $470 and $19,751 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in warrant and preferred investment option liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Warrant Exchange

On November 20, 2020, the Company and the investor entered into an exchange agreement and issued a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 59 shares of the Company’s common stock for $9,750.00 per share which expires on August 20, 2024. In accordance with the underlying agreement, in connection with the Company’s offering of Series F Preferred Stock, Series G Preferred Stock and the warrants on February 15, 2022, the warrant was adjusted to purchase an aggregate of 1,180 shares (as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock-split) of the Company’s common stock for $3.25 per share. On June 8, 2022, the Company and the investor entered into a warrant repurchase agreement to repurchase the warrant for $2,500,000.

2022 Offering Warrants

On February 15, 2022, in connection with the Company’s offer and sale of 2,500 shares of Series F Preferred Stock and 2,500 shares of Series G Preferred Stock, the Company sold 125,000 warrants at an exercise price of $37.65 per share (warrants exercisable into 1,923 shares of common stock as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split of common stock at an exercise price equal to $2,447.25 per share). The warrants are exercisable from July 15, 2022 until the fifth anniversary of the initial exercise date.

In connection with the offering, the Company issued to the designees of the Placement Agent, for serving as the placement agent of the offering, 10,000 warrants to purchase an aggregate of 154 shares of its common stock as adjusted for 1-for65 reverse stock split, at an exercise price equal to $487.50 per share (the “2022 Placement Agent Warrants”). The 2022 Placement Agent Warrants are exercisable from July 15, 2022 until February 15, 2027.

The Company reported 2022 Offering Warrants of 125,000 warrants and 2022 Placement Agent Warrants of 10,000 warrants issued and outstanding, each warrant exercisable at an exercise price of $2,447.25 per share, as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total fair value of such warrants amounted to $1,611 and $81,775 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in warrant and preferred investment option liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

June 2022 Offering Warrants

In the June 2022 Offering, the Company sold 3,157,895 warrants at an exercise price of $1.90 per share to purchase 48,583 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $123.50 per share (each warrant exercisable is adjusted for 1-for 65 reverse stock split of common stock). The 2022 Offering warrants are immediately exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance.

In connection with the offering, the Company issued to the Placement Agent or its designees, 189,474 warrants at an exercise price of $2.38 per share to purchase of 2,915 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $154.38 per share (as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split) (the “June 2022 Placement Agent Warrants”). The June 2022 Placement Agent Warrants are immediately exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the commencement of sales of the offering. Immediately following the June 2022 Offering, 3,152,895 warrants (48,507 shares of common stock, as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split) of the June 2022 Warrants were exercised.

The Company reported June 2022 Offering Warrants of 5,000 warrants, and June 2022 Placement Agent Warrants of 189,474 warrants, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Each warrant is exercisable at an exercise price of $123.50 per share (as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split), to purchase 77 shares of common stock for June 2022 Offering Warrants and 2,915 shares of common stock of June 2022 Placement Agent Warrants as adjusted for 1-for 65 reverse stock split of common stock as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total fair value of such warrants amounted to $11,736 and $333,605 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in warrant and preferred investment option liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

July 2022 Preferred Investment Options

In the July 2022 Offering, the Company sold Series A Preferred Investment Options to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000  shares of common stock (the “Series A Preferred Investment Options”); and Series B Preferred Investment Options to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of common stock (the “Series B Preferred Investment Options”). The Series A and B Preferred Investment Options (each option is exercisable at $325.00 per share as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split), and are immediately exercisable until the third and second anniversary, of the commencement of sales of the offering.

In connection with the July 2022 Offering, the Company offered to the placement agent Preferred Investment Options (“July 2022 Placement Options”) to purchase up to 3,692 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $325.00 per share. The July 2022 Placement Options have substantially the same terms as the Series A Preferred Investment Options, except that the July 2022 Placement Options have an exercise price equal to $406.25 per share of common stock per share and shall expire on the third anniversary from the date of the commencement of sales in the July 2022 Offering.

In connection with the July 2022 Offering, the investors in the private placement agreed to cancel the Series A Preferred Investment Options and Series B Preferred Investment Options to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,000,000 shares of our common stock which were previously issued to the investors in July 2022. Each option is exercisable at an exercise price of $325.00 per share as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reported 240,000 July 2022 Options (3,693 shares as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split) issued and outstanding, respectively. The total fair value of such securities amounted to $1,840 and $173,673 as December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in warrant and preferred investment option liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

November 2022 Preferred Investment Options

In the November 2022 Offering, the Company sold 10,619,911 Series C Preferred Investment Options to purchase an aggregate of 163,383 shares at an exercise price of $153.14 per share (as adjusted for 1-for- 65 reverse stock split) of common stock (the “Series C Preferred Investment Options”). The 10,619,911 Series C Preferred Investment Options include the 8,000,000 (123,077 shares of common stock as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split) of cancelled Series A and Series B Preferred Investment Options.

The Series C Preferred Investment Options have an exercise price equal to $153.14 and are immediately exercisable until the third anniversary of the commencement of sales of the offering. In consideration for serving as the placement agent in connection with the November 2022 Offering, the Company issued to the placement agent preferred investment options to purchase up to 2,418 shares of common stock (“November 2022 Placement Options”). The November 2022 Placement Options have substantially the same terms as the Series C Preferred Investment Options, except that the November 2022 Placement Options have an exercise price equal to $232.59 per share and expire on the third anniversary from the date of the commencement of sales in the November 2022 Offering.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, 10,619,911 Series C Preferred Investment Options were exercised in connection with the August 2023 transaction described below. The Company reported 2,418 Series C Preferred Investment Options and 163.383 July 2022 Options (as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split) that were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total fair value of such securities was $5,674 and $15,507,651 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in warrant and preferred investment option liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

June 2023 Offering Warrants

In the June 2023 Offering, the Company sold 10,975,611 Series D Offering Warrants at an exercise price of $0.29 per share, to purchase an aggregate of 168,856 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $18.85 (as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split).

The Series D Offering Warrants are immediately exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the commencement of sales of the offering.

In consideration for serving as the placement agent in connection with the June 2023 Offering, the Company issued to the placement agent 658,527 warrants to purchase up to 10,131 shares of common stock (as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split) (“June 2023 Placement Warrants”). The June 2023 Placement Warrants have substantially the same terms as the Series D Offering Warrants, except that the June 2023 Placement Warrants have an exercise price equal to $33.31 per share.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company recorded 10,975,611 Series D Offering Warrants to purchase 168,856 shares of common stock (as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split), and 658,527 warrants to purchase 10,131 shares of common stock of June 2023 Placement Warrants (as adjusted for 1-for-65 reverse stock split) issued and outstanding. The total fair value of such securities amounted to $1,400,984 as of December 31, 2023 and is included in warrant and preferred investment option liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

August 2023 Series C Preferred Investment Options Reset and Warrants

On August 17, 2023, the Company issued in a private placement, common stock purchase warrants (the “New Warrants”) to purchase up to 326,766 shares the Company’s common stock (the “New Warrant Shares”) to certain holders of the Company’s then existing Series C preferred investment options (the “Series C Preferred Investment Options”) issued to such investors in the Company’s November 2022 Private Placement discussed above. The New Warrants were issued pursuant to an Inducement Offer Letter Agreement, dated August 14, 2023, between the Company and the investors pursuant to which the Company agreed to reduce the original exercise price of the Series C Preferred Investment Options from $153.14 per share to $20.81 in exchange for the investors’ agreeing to exercise their Series C Preferred Investment Options for cash on or before 10:00 p.m. on August 14, 2023. All of the Series C Preferred Investment Options were exercised before the deadline.

On August 15, 2023, the Company filed a prospectus supplement pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-268537) declared effective by the SEC on December 2, 2022 therein registering the securities issued by the Company in the November 2022 Private Placement, including the Series C Preferred Investment Options and the shares of common stock issuable thereunder, to reflect the reduced exercise price of the Series C Preferred Investment Options.

Each New Warrant is exercisable for $20.81 per share of common stock (subject to adjustment for stock splits, reorganizations and recapitalizations) immediately upon issuance until the fifth anniversary from the date of the issuance date. If at the time of exercise of the New Warrants there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the resale of the New Warrant Shares, the New Warrants may be exercised in whole or in part by means of a “cashless exercise.” On August 24, 2023, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-274189) to register the New Warrant Shares. The registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on September 1, 2023.

In consideration for serving as the placement agent in connection with the August 2023 transaction, the Company paid to the placement agent a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the gross proceeds received from the Holders’ exercise of their Series C Preferred Investment Options, as well as a management fee equal to 0.5% of the gross proceeds from the exercise of the Series C Preferred Options. Also, upon any exercise for cash of any New Warrants, the Company has agreed to pay the placement agent a cash fee of 7.0% of the aggregate gross exercise price paid in cash with respect the exercise of the New Warrants, and a management fee of 0.5% of the aggregate gross exercise price paid in cash with respect to the New Warrants, and also reimbursed the placement agent for its expenses in connection with the exercise of the Series C Preferred Investment Options and the issuance of the New Warrants, $50,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses, and non-accountable expenses in the amount of $25,000 and clearing fee of $15,950. The Company also (i) issued the placement agent warrants (the “Placement Agent Warrants”) to purchase up to 9,803 shares of common stock (6% of the Series C Preferred Investment Options exercised) which have the same terms as the New Warrants except the Placement Agent Warrants for $26.01 per share (125% of the reduced exercise price of the Series C Preferred Investment Options) and (ii) agreed to issue the placement agent additional Placement Agent Warrant exercisable for that number of shares of common stock equal to 6.0% of the aggregate number of such shares of common stock underlying the New Warrants that have been exercised, which will have the same terms as the New Warrants except for an exercise price equal to $26.01 per share.

The Company received net proceeds of approximately $2.9 million from the exercise of the Series C Preferred Investment Options, after deducting commissions and expenses payable by the Company. The Company used the net proceeds for general corporate and working capital purposes.

Equity Incentive Plans

The 2016 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) was adopted by the board of directors and approved by the shareholders on July 6, 2016. The awards per 2016 Plan may be granted through July 5, 2026, to the Company’s employees, consultants, directors and non-employee directors provided such consultants, directors and non-employee directors render good faith services not in connection with the offer and sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction. The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2016 Plan is 83 shares of common stock (2 shares of common stock as adjusted for the 1-for-65 reverse stock split), which amount will be (a) reduced by awards granted under the 2016 Plan, and (b) increased to the extent that awards granted under the 2016 Plan are forfeited, expire or are settled for cash (except as otherwise provided in the 2016 Plan). No employee will be eligible to receive more than 83 shares of common stock (2 shares of common stock as adjusted for the 1-for-65 reverse stock split), in any calendar year under the 2016 Plan pursuant to the grant of awards.

The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan

Effective July 1, 2018, the board of directors and the stockholders of the Company approved and adopted the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The 2018 Plan supplements, and does not replace, the existing 2016 Equity Incentive Plan. Awards may be granted under the 2018 Plan through September 30, 2023 to the Company’s employees, officers, consultants, and non-employee directors. The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2018 Plan is 625 shares of common stock (10 shares of common stock as adjusted for the 1-for-65 reverse stock split), which amount will be (a) reduced by awards granted under the 2018 Plan, and (b) increased to the extent that awards granted under the 2018 Plan are forfeited, expire or are settled for cash (except as otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan).

Stock option transactions under the Company’s 2018 Plan are summarized below:

Restricted Stock Units

On April 4, 2020, the Company has granted 9 restricted stock units (“RSU”) to two officers of the Company at the fair value of $15,503 per RSU on the grant date. These units have the following vesting term: 33% on January 1, 2021, 34% on January 1, 2022 and 33% on January 1, 2023. The fair value of these units as of the grant date was $144,110 based on the closing price of the Company’s stock. The 9 RSUs are fully vested and remain issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation expense.

The 2022 Equity Incentive Plan

Effective September 21, 2022, the board of directors and the stockholders of the Company approved and adopted the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”). The 2022 Plan supplements, and does not replace, the existing 2016 or 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. Awards may be granted under the 2022 Plan through 2032 to the Company’s employees, officers, consultants, and non-employee directors. The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2022 Plan is 1,350,000 shares of common stock (20,769 shares of common stock as adjusted for the 1-for-65 reverse stock split) which amount will be (a) reduced by awards granted under the 2022 Plan, and (b) increased to the extent that awards granted under the 2022 Plan are forfeited, expire or are settled for cash (except as otherwise provided in the 2022 Plan).

On December 28, 2022, the Company granted 1,350,000 stock options to purchase 20,769 shares of common stock to management and employees of the Company. 900,000 of such stock options (13,907 shares of common stock after 1 -for-65 reverse stock split) have the following vesting term: 50% vest upon the grant date, and the remaining vest in equal installments on the last day of each of the following thirty-six months. The remaining stock options have the following vesting term: in equal installments on the last day of each of the following forty-eight months. The fair value of these stock options as of the grant date was $2,003,130 based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock. As of December 31, 2023, there was $969,256 of unrecognized compensation expense.

Stock option transactions under the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan are summarized below:

The Company recorded compensation expense of $453,610 and $758,151 for the years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.