NOTE 6: STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

At September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company had 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized, both with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

On September 13, 2018, the Company effected a reverse stock split (the “Reverse Split”) of its issued and outstanding common stock, preferred stock, warrants and options (collectively the “Equity Instruments”). As a result of the Reverse Split, each two units of Equity Instruments issued and outstanding prior to the Reverse Split were converted into one unit of Equity Instrument.

Common Stock and Class A Units

On January 24, 2019, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with two institutional investors pursuant to which these investors exercised Series A Warrants to purchase 424,116 shares of its common stock for cash proceeds of $2,172,680 to the Company, net of costs of $159,958. The two investors also exchanged Series A Warrants to purchase 508,940 shares of its common stock into 508,940 shares of its common stock and received new warrants to purchase an aggregate of 933,056 shares of its common stock. The Company recognized an inducement cost of $2,137,190 and $0 for the Series A Warrants conversion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as an offset against stockholders’ equity. The inducement cost was calculated as being the difference between the fair value of equity instruments surrendered versus equity instruments issued pursuant to the terms of the exchange agreement.

On February 14, 2019, the Company received cash proceeds of $16,818 from three placement agent warrant holders upon their exercise of 1,402 placement agent warrants to purchase 4,004 Class A Units.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had 28,120,293 and 9,870,873 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

Warrants

Placement Agent Warrants

The Company has issued warrants to the placement agents to purchase one share of its common stock at an exercise price of $12.00 per share. The warrants issued in its October 2016 Private Placement shall expire on October 17, 2021, and the warrants issued in its March 2018 Private Placement, May 2018 Private Placement and August 2018 Financing shall expire on September 4, 2023. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock or other securities issuable on exercise of such warrants are subject to customary adjustment in certain circumstances, including in the event of a stock dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation of the Company.

As of September 30, 2019, all placement agent warrants, issued prior to the August 19, 2019 financing had been exercised, and the 200,000 warrants issued in the August 19, 2019 financing are the only placement agent warrants which remain outstanding.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 200,000 warrants and 45,775 warrants, respectively, have been issued to the placement agents and are outstanding and are currently exercisable.

Class B Warrants

The holders of the Class B Warrants did not exercise any of their warrants during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Class B Warrants have an exercise price of $12.00 per share and shall expire between October 17, 2021 and May 15, 2023.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had 265,500 Class B Warrants issued and outstanding.

Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants

On January 24, 2019, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with two institutional investors pursuant to which these investors exercised Series A Warrants to purchase 424,116 shares of its common stock for total cash proceeds of $2,172,680 to the Company, net of costs of $159,958. The two investors also exchanged Series A Warrants to purchase 508,940 shares of its common stock into 508,940 shares of its common stock and received new warrants to purchase an aggregate of 933,056 shares of its common stock. These new warrants have terms substantially similar to the terms of the Company’s Series A Warrants, except that the per share exercise price of the new warrants is $3.67, and the warrants are not exercisable until July 24, 2019, the six-month anniversary of the date of issuance.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the holders of 832,623 and 4,988,923 Series B Warrants exercised their rights to convert Series B Warrants into 3,330,492 and 15,709,492 shares of common stock, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had 3,856,455 and 5,190,011 Series A Warrants issued and outstanding, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had 388,889 and 6,379,571 Series B Warrants issued and outstanding, respectively.

August 2019 Warrants

On August 19, 2019, the Company closed a senior secured convertible note transaction with an institutional investor. As part of the transaction, the Company issued the investor 5,750,000 warrants (the “August 2019 Warrants”) with a strike price of $1.00 and a five year term. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2019, the Company had 5,750,000 and 0 August 2019 warrants issued and outstanding, respectively.

Derivative Financial Instruments

As disclosed elsewhere in these interim condensed financial statements, the Company allocated part of the proceeds of its IPO of the Company’s units consisting of common stock and warrants to the Series B warrants issued in connection with the IPO. The valuations of the Series B warrants issued at the time of the initial closing of the IPO on November 14, 2018 and in the subsequent closing of the “greenshoe” on December 17, 2018 (collectively, the “Warrants”) were determined using Monte Carlo simulation models. These models use inputs such as the underlying price of the shares issued at the measurement date, volatility, risk free interest rate and expected life of the instrument. The Company has classified the Warrants as a current liability due to certain provisions relating to price adjustments with regard to alternate cashless exercises, as well as the holders’ ability to exercise the warrants within twelve months of the reporting date and has accounted for them as derivative instruments in accordance with ASC 815, adjusting the fair value at the end of each reporting period. Additionally, the Company has determined that the warrant derivative should be classified within Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy by evaluating each input for the Monte Carlo simulation models against the fair-value hierarchy criteria and using the lowest level of input as the basis for the fair-value classification as called for in ASC 820. There are six inputs: closing price of the Company’s stock on the day of evaluation; the exercise price of the warrants; the remaining term of the warrants; the volatility of the Company’s stock over that term; number of warrants; and the risk-free rate of return. Of those inputs, the exercise price of the warrants and the remaining term are readily observable in the warrant agreements, and the number of warrants is publicly reported in the Company’s filings with the SEC. The closing price of the Company’s stock would fall under Level 1 of the fair-value hierarchy as it is a quoted price in an active market (ASC 820-10). The risk-free rate of return is a Level 2 input as defined in ASC 820-10, while the historical volatility is a Level 3 input as defined in ASC 820. Since the lowest level input is a Level 3, the Company determined the warrant derivative is most appropriately classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a fair value of Series B Warrants exercised of $1,215,139, and a fair value of pre-tax derivative instrument gain of $59,780. The resulting derivative instrument liabilities totaled $482,489 at September 30, 2019. By their terms, management of the Company expects that the Warrants will either be exercised (likely pursuant to the further cashless exercise provision) or expire worthless. The Company measured the warrant derivative between December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively, by calculating the fair value of the Warrants at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019.

The 2016 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) was adopted by the Board of Directors and approved by the shareholders on July 6, 2016. The awards per 2016 Plan may be granted through July 5, 2026 to the Company’s employees, consultants, directors and non-employee directors provided such consultants, directors and non-employee directors render good faith services not in connection with the offer and sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction. The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2016 Plan is 2,000,000 shares, which amount will be (a) reduced by awards granted under the 2016 Plan, and (b) increased to the extent that awards granted under the 2016 Plan are forfeited, expire or are settled for cash (except as otherwise provided in the 2016 Plan). No employee will be eligible to receive more than 125,000 shares of common stock in any calendar year under the 2016 Plan pursuant to the grant of awards.

On January 3, 2017, the Board of Directors of the Company approved and granted to the President/Chief Executive Officer of the Company, an option to purchase One Hundred and Twenty-Five Thousand (125,000) shares of the Company’s Common Stock (“Option”) under the Company’s 2016 Plan. The Option will have an exercise price that is no less than $10.00 per share and will vest over four (4) years, with 25% of the total number of shares subject to the Option vesting on the one (1) year anniversary of the date of grant and, the remainder vesting in equal installments on the last day of each of the thirty-six (36) full calendar months thereafter. Vesting will depend on the Officer’s continued service as an employee with the Company and will be subject to the terms and conditions of the 2016 Plan and the written Stock Option Agreement governing the Option. As of December 31, 2018, the Company estimated the fair value of the options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model was $448,861. The Company recorded compensation expense of $28,154 and $28,054 and $84,161 and $56,108, for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The key valuation assumptions used consist, in part, of the price of the Company’s common stock of $3.60 at the issuance date; a risk-free interest rate of 1.72% and the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock of 315.83% (estimated based on the common stock of comparable public entities). As of September 30, 2019, the unrecognized compensation expense was $140,169 which will be recognized as compensation expense over 1.25 years.

The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan

Effective July 1, 2018, the Board of Directors adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). This 2018 Plan supplements, and does not replace, the existing 2016 Equity Incentive Plan. Awards may be granted under the 2018 Plan through June 30, 2023 to the Company’s employees, officers, consultants, and non-employee directors. The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2018 Plan is 1,000,000 shares, which amount will be (a) reduced by awards granted under the 2018 Plan, and (b) increased to the extent that awards granted under the 2018 Plan are forfeited, expire or are settled for cash (except as otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan). No employee will be eligible to receive more than 200,000 shares of common stock in any calendar year under the 2018 Plan pursuant to the grant of awards. On September 12, 2018, the Board of Directors approved an increase in the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under this Plan from 1,000,000 shares to 2,000,000 shares and on June 9, 2019, to 20,000,000 shares. On September 14, 2018, 1,000,000 shares of common stock underlying awards under the 2018 Plan were granted to the employees and officers, 25% vesting immediately on the date of grant and 25% vesting each year thereafter on the three subsequent anniversaries of the grant date.

The Company estimated the fair value of the options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model was $1,241,417. The Company recorded compensation expense of $68,336 and $222,089 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. The key valuation assumptions used consist, in part, of the price of the Company’s common stock ranging in price from $3.90 to $4.29 at the issuance date; a risk-free interest rate ranging of 1.9% and the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock ranging from of 40% (estimated based on the common stock of comparable public entities). As of September 30, 2019, the unrecognized compensation expense was $535,424 which will be recognized as compensation expense over 1.95 years.